!!!Berufsbildende Schulen

Berufsbildende Schulen (Vocational schools), since the Education Act 
of 1962 general term for:

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1) vocational schools up to age 14/15  Berufsschulen;

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2) vocational middle schools: they take on students who have had eight 
years of compulsory schooling, usually after a standardized aptitude 
test. They provide students with a sound level of general education as 
well as with vocational training. A three-year course (minimum) is 
held equivalent to an apprenticeship certificate 
(Lehrabschlusspruefung). These schools offer technical, commercial and 
crafts courses (usually 4-year courses in mechanical engineering, 
electrical engineering, electronics, construction engineering, 
chemistry, textiles, wood, glass, graphics and in most art and craft 
subjects); there are lower-level commercial schools (Handelsschulen) 
with 3-year courses training students for commercial jobs; technical 
colleges with 3-year courses in domestic science and commercial skills 
as well as certain aspects of tourism and catering, colleges of 
fashion and dressmaking (4-year courses), colleges of hotel management 
(3-year courses training students for jobs in the hotel and catering 
industry as well as in tourist management), colleges of social studies 
(1 and 3-year courses,  Training Colleges for Social Workers), 
colleges of agriculture and forestry (courses from two winter 
semesters up to four school years)  Schools of Agriculture and 
Forestry), secretarial colleges (2-year courses), schools of home 
economics (2-year courses), schools of household management (1-year 
courses);

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3) upper-level secondary schools: these take on students who have 
completed eight years of compulsory schooling and have passed a 
standardized aptitude test and provide them with a sound level of 
general education as well as with vocational training as a substitute 
for an apprenticeship certificate. The final exams of such schools 
entitle students to go to university, although in certain cases 
additional admission exams will have to be taken. Graduates of upper 
secondary schools of engineering and technology (Hoehere technische 
Lehranstalt), upper secondary schools of agriculture (Hoehere 
landwirtschaftliche Lehranstalt) with the exception of schools of 
agriculture and domestic science (Hoehere Lehranstalt fuer Land- und 
Hauswirtschaft) and of upper secondary schools of forestry (Hoehere 
Lehranstalt fuer Forstwirtschaft) acquire the right to the title 
"Ingenieur" (engineer) after at least three years of job experience. 
The upper secondary schools of technology and trades also belong to 
this group (Hoehere technische und gewerbliche Lehranstalten). They 
are usually divided in different branches: mechanical engineering, 
synthetics technology; electrical engineering, electronics; electronic 
data processing and organisation or industrial engineering; structural 
engineering, wood-processing and wood construction, carpentry and 
interior decoration and furnishing, chemistry, chemical engineering, 
silicate technology and processing of inorganic materials, textile 
chemistry, textile industry, reproduction and printing technology, 
photography and visual media, visual design and arts and crafts. There 
are also upper secondary schools of fashion and dressmaking, of 
tourism (Hoehere Lehranstalt fuer Tourismus), the Handelsakademie 
schools (commercial academies), which teach commercial skills for 
business and administration, upper secondary business schools (Hoehere 
Lehranstalt fuer wirtschaftliche Berufe) which provide specialised 
training in business management, dietetics, domestic science, social 
studies and health care, Hoehere land- und forstwirtschaftliche 
Lehranstalt ( Schools of Agriculture and Forestry);

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4) vocational schools that take on students who have passed their 
secondary-school leaving examinations (Matura): Akademie fuer 
Sozialarbeit (Academy for Social Workers), which provides 6-semester 
courses ( Training Collegs for Social Workers),  Kollegs (4-semester 
courses), special courses (1 to 4 semesters, provide special training 
or additional training for students who have passed their 
secondary-school leaving examinations or have completed their full 
vocational training elsewhere);

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5) vocational schools for students who have completed their vocational 
training elsewhere (2 to 4 semesters): schools of the building trade, 
master classes or master schools, foremen's schools and other special 
courses.

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A number of vocational middle and upper secondary schools also provide 
evening classes ( Abendschulen) or take specific handicaps into 
account, such as at the vocational college for the blind and visually 
challenged at Graz (Berufliche Lehranstalt fuer Sehbehinderte und 
Blinde), or at the special college for the vocational training of 
handicapped persons in Vienna (Sonderlehranstalt fuer die 
Berufsausbildung Behinderter)  Schools for the Disabled).

!Literature
ABC des berufsbildenden Schulwesens, ed. by the Ministry 
of Education and Art, %%sup 23/%1994; H. Skala and. H. Schwarzer 
(eds.), Den Herausforderungen gewachsen, 1986.


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