!!!Bozen

Bozen (Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy), city, alt. 262 m, pop. 104,000; 
24,875 speak German as their mother tongue, 64,109 Italian, 737 Ladin 
(1994). Capital of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, economic, 
administrative and cultural centre. Bozen and the South Tyrol fell to 
Italy in 1919/1920 (pop. 1910: 24,362). In 1910, Bozen had its own 
statute with district courts, a Chamber of Labour and Commerce, a 
branch of the Austrian-Hungarian bank, a building for exhibitions of 
regional art and industry, a museum, an upper-section secondary school 
run by the Franciscan order, a commercial secondary school, a teacher 
training college, a college for wood processing, and the Rainerum and 
Elisabethinum boarding schools.

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Roman settlement, first documented mention in 680 A.D. ("Bauzanum"), 
medieval city centre (arcades, fruit market); symbol of the city is 
the tower (1500-1519) of the Gothic parish church (Romanesque-Gothic 
frescoes); Dominican church with late Gothic frescoes and cloister; 
Franciscan church and library; monument to Walther von der Vogelweide; 
noble residences (Menz, Pock). In the suburb of Gries, parish church 
(1414-1540) with carved Gothic altar by M.  Pacher; Benedictine 
monastery. Castles near Bozen: Sigmundskron, Gerstburg, Hoertenberg, 
Haselburg, Klebenstein, Maretsch, Rendelstein, Runkelstein, Ried, 
Greifenstein and Treuenstein.

!Literature
J. Rampold, B., Mittelpunkt des Landes an der Etsch und im 
Gebirge (Sueddeutsche Landeskunde VII), 1984; O. Trapp, M. 
Hoermann-Weingartner, Tiroler Burgenbuch vol. VIII, 1989; B. von 
den Anfaengen bis zur Schleifung der Stadtmauer, 1991.


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