!!!Brixen, Stadt

Brixen (Bressanone, South Tyrol, Italy), town, alt. 559 m, pop. 
16,272 of which 11,663 are German speaking, 4,399 Italian speaking, 
210 Ladin speaking. In 1910 Brixen was capital of an Austrian district 
and had a population of 6,551 (including the garrison), was a Catholic 
diocese and deanery, had a theological school, the Vincentinum 
seminary, an Imperial Augustinian Obergymnasium (residential secondary 
school). Establishments of the "English Ladies", of the order of St. 
Clare and of the tertiary order of the Sisters of the Holy Cross.

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Bronze Age settlement on the Plabacher Buehel hill; first documented 
mention in 827 under the name of "Pressena", spiritual principality 
since the Middle Ages, in 1803 secularised and annexed to the Tyrol. 
Baroque cathedral (1745-1755) with Romanesque parts and a ceiling 
fresco by P.  Troger, Romanesque cloister (around 1200) with Gothic 
murals; parish church with "white tower" (around 1459); Franciscan 
monastery (present buildings from around 1683) with murals by painters 
of the Brixen School; the episcopal castle (since around 1265 
episcopal residence), altered around 1600 (Renaissance style), houses 
the diocesan museum; Sonnentor gate; Saebenertor gate.

!Literature
A. Sparber, Die Bischofstadt Brixen in ihrer 
geschichtlichen Entwicklung, %%sup 3/%1979.


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