!!!Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz Freiherr, ab 1918 Graf

b. Penzing near Vienna, Nov. 11, 1852, 
d. Bad Mergentheim (Germany), Aug. 25, 1925, important general and 
army commander of Austria-Hungary in  World War I. Chief of staff of 
the Imperial Army 1906-1911 and 1912-1917, army group commander in 
1917 and field marshal. Reformed the tactical training and esp. the 
officer's training of officers in the Imperial Army and prepared it 
for war. After battles involving heavy losses in the summer and winter 
of 1914 in Galicia, C. played a major role in the success of the 
battle at Tarnów-Gorlice and the stabilisation of the Eastern 
front, but he was also at least partly responsible for setbacks such 
as the South Tyrolean offensive in 1916 and the Russian breakthrough 
at Luck. He was opposed to increasing German dominance in all theatres 
of war of the European Central Powers. 1917 dismissed as chief of 
staff by Emperor Karl, but until July 1918 as field marshal remained 
in command of an army group in Italy named after him. Later Colonel of 
all Guards. Wrote several books on military tactics, a fragment of an 
autobiography "Mein Anfang" (1925) and together with civil servants 
from the war archives his major works, the large-scale, partly 
autobiographical book "Aus meiner Dienstzeit 1906-1918" (5 vols., 
1921-1925).

!Literature
A. Urbanski, C. v. H., %%sup 2/%1938; O. Regele, 
Feldmarschall C., 1955; C. v. H., Private Aufzeichnungen, erste 
Veroeffentlichung aus den Papieren des k. u. k. Generalstabs-Chefs, 
ed. by K. Peball, 1977.



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