!!!Doktor

Doctor (German = Doktor; Latin = teacher), highest academic degree ( 
Promotion), in the Middle Ages equivalent to a master´s degree. 
Initially the degree was only rarely conferred at the higher faculties 
(theology, jurisprudence, medicine) because of the expensive award 
ceremonies. When, from the 16%%sup th/%  century on, the master's 
degree was becoming less and less important (abolished 1786), the 
doctor's degree was also awarded by the faculty of arts 
("philosophy"). In the 20%%sup th/%  century other institutions of 
higher learning (since 1975 also called universities) were gradually 
given the right to award the doctor's degree (until then limited to 
universities). Admission to exams for the doctoral degree was and 
still is - with certain changes over the centuries - bound to personal 
and professional qualifications.

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The requirement that the doctor's degree (and the field of study in 
which it was obtained) had to be added to one´s name in dealings 
with state authorities was abolished in 1966. The holder of the title 
may however demand it to be stated on official documents.


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