!!!Faschismus

Fascism, originally the name adopted by the political movement in 
Italy which established a dictatorial regime under B. Mussolini in 
1922; later, the term came to be used to designate all antidemocratic 
and anti-Marxist systems of government and ideologies after the First 
World War, including National Socialism. With variations from country 
to country, fascism was characterised by nationalistic and militarist 
dictatorships that used violent means to achieve their objectives and 
suppressed democracy and its ideas and institutions (rule of law, 
pluralism, tolerance, civil rights, multiparty parliament). Italian 
fascism influenced the ideology of parts of the Austrian  Heimwehr 
and, from April 1933, the policies of Federal Chancellor E. Dollfuss, 
which were aimed at abolishing democracy in Austria  Austro-Fascism), 
and in subsequent years Austria's foreign policy (Protocols of Rome of 
March 17, 1934. Additional Protocol of March 23, 1936, 
Austria's non-participation in the sanctions adopted by the League of 
Nations on October 9, 1935 against Italy because of that 
country's Abyssinian campaign).

!Literature
F. L. Carsten, Faschismus in Oesterreich, 1978; P. 
Dusek et al. (ed.), Faschismus-Theorien, Fallstudien, 
Unterrichtsmodelle, 1980.


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