!!!Friedrich IV., Herzog von Österreich

b. 1382, 
d. Innsbruck (Tyrol), June 24, 1439, son of Duke  Leopold III, Duke of 
Austria, of the  Leopoldinian Line of the Habsburgs. Entrusted with 
the administration of the Tyrol and the western domains, known as the 
Vorlande, in 1402 (alone in 1406), and founded a short-lived Tyrolean 
line. At first came into conflict with external adversaries (wars with 
Appenzell, Venice, and the House of Wittelsbach) and had to fight 
against internal opposition of the nobility, which resulted in two 
alliances, the "Elefantenbund" in 1406, and the "Falkenbund" in 1407. 
When Pope Johannes XXIII, who was F.'s ally, fled from Konstanz in 
1415, F. was outlawed by Emperor Sigismund, and the core territories 
of the Habsburgs were consequently lost to the Swiss. However, F., 
supported by the peasants, was able to assert himself against the 
Emperor, the neighbouring countries and the nobility. In return for 
the peasants' help F. laid down the duties of the "courts" in the 
Tyrolean constitution (constitution of the estates as representatives 
of the country). He transferred his official residence from 
Merano/Meran to Innsbruck and consolidated his position from 1425. 
When silver was found in Gossensass (Colle Isarco) and in Schwaz, the 
country experienced a period of prosperity. He had a son,  Sigmund, 
with his second wife Anna von Braunschweig and became well-known under 
the nickname, given to him by his aristocratic adversaries, "the one 
with empty pockets".

!Literature
J. Riedmann, in: J. Fontana, Geschichte des Landes Ti., 
vol. 1, 1985.



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