!!!Gentechnik

Genetic Engineering, artificial modification of hereditary factors by 
direct manipulation of the structure or position of the genes (DNA); 
in Austria governed by the Genetic Engineering law since 1995 
(Gentechnik-Gesetz) and updated from time to time by regulations 
covering various aspects in detail. There are various safety measures 
concerning scientific activities in the field of genetic engineering. 
Basically all such activities are liable to registration, special 
cases require an official permit (sometimes limited in time). The 
manipulation of human genes is subject to extraordinarily strict 
standards and in some cases strictly prohibited. The use of 
genetically modified organisms (at present almost exclusively plants) 
outside special laboratories (i.e. their release and bringing them 
into circulation) requires an official permit in every case and is 
limited to small quantities under permanent observation (monitoring). 
In Austria, all products containing genetically modified organisms or 
parts of them are liable to certification.

\\
Research in the field of genetic engineering in Austria is mainly 
conducted by universities, hospitals, independent research institutes 
and the  pharmaceutical industry. No releases of modified plants have 
been permitted in Austria to date (as of 2000). Genetically modified 
products approved for marketing in the states of the EU (potatoes, 
maize) are registered in the Austrian public registry of genetically 
modified products. The import and cultivation of two genetically 
engineered strains of maize which are resistant to pests is 
prohibited.

!Literature
D. Heberle-Bors, Herausforderung Gentechnik, 
%%sup 3/%1996.


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