Pannonien#

Pannonia, a province of the Roman Empire. The name is derived from the people living there, the Pannonians. The Romans conquered the region between 12 and 9 B.C., put down the Pannonian revolts between 6 and 9 A.D. and organised Pannonia as a separate province. The province comprised the areas between the Eastern Alps and the Danube and Sava rivers, or in terms of the territory of present-day Austria, Lower Austria east of the Vienna Woods with Vindobona and Carnuntum (separated from Noricum), a small part of eastern Styria and Burgenland. The border along the River Danube was defended by auxiliary troops and altogether four legions, which were stationed in Vindobona, Carnuntum, Brigetio (Szoeny, Hungary) and Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary). After 103 A.D. the province was divided into Pannonia Superior with Carnuntum as its capital and Pannonia Inferior with Aquincum as its administrative centre. The Marcomanni wars caused vast damage in the province. On April 9, 193 Septimius Severus, the governor of Pannonia Superior, was proclaimed emperor in Carnuntum. The province prospered particularly during the first half of the 3rd century (town development) and many merchants and tradesmen from the East settled there. The first evidence of Christians in the south of the province dates back to around 250, when they are mentioned as martyrs. The province was also affected by the wars of Emperor Valentinian I (364-375) against the Sarmatians and Quadi. From 380 German and Hunnish allies (foederati) settled in Pannonia. When in 433 the province was ceded to the Huns, this meant the end of Pannonia's relations to the Italic centre of the Roman Empire. Retia, Roman Roads, Roman Era.

Literature#