Porzellankunst#

China Goods, Manufacture and Design of, the artistic creation of utility articles and decorative porcelain objects, which was established in Austria when the Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur was founded in 1718. The Vienna porcelain factory dominated this sector until it was closed in 1864. After 1864 most porcelain and stoneware production was transferred to Bohemia, where in 1890 43 porcelain factories existed (e.g. Haas & Czjek in Chodau (Chodov), Pfeiffer und Loewenstein in Schlackenwerth (Ostrov), Winter & Co. in Elbogen (Locket)). They supplied the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy with products which were made in a historicist style. Famous leading porcelain factories included that founded by M. Fischer in Herend, Hungary in 1839, which imitated or based their products on well-known European and Asian porcelains. The Hungarian Zsolnay factory at Pecs (Fuenfkirchen), which produced mainly simple utility porcelain ware from 1862 onwards, also produced important Jugendstil works from around 1900. The strong influence of the Wiener Secession on arts and crafts also encouraged the modern manufacture and design of porcelain. The Viennese porcelain factory of J. Boeck produced notable new designs by J. Sika, T. Trethan, J. Hoffmann and O. Prutscher from 1902 onwards, which were decorated by e.g. J. E. Margold, K. Galle, D. Peche and others. M. Powolny was an important artist and teacher of the production of ceramics and continued to have a decisive influence on this art even after 1918. Along with V. Wieselthier, H. Bucher and W. Bosse he designed tableware and statuettes for the Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur Augarten, which was founded in 1923 and has since been the leading Austrian porcelain factory. The quality of Powolny's creations (painted by F. Zuelow, E. Rottenberg or F. Berzewiczy) matched that of the products of the large-scale entrepreneur of ceramics and porcelain, Friedrich Goldscheider.

Literature#