!!!Richard I. Löwenherz

Richard I (Lionheart; also: Coeur de Lion), b. Oxford 
(United Kingdom), Sept. 8, 1157, d. Chalus (Haute-Vienne, 
France), April 6, 1199, King of England. one of the leading figures in 
the third crusade, conquered Cyprus in May 1191, led the conquest of 
Acre on July 12, 1191 where he clashed with the Austrian Duke  
Leopold V. On his way back from the crusade was taken prisoner in 
Erdberg near Vienna on Dec. 21/22, 1192 and kept hostage at Duernstein 
Castle until March 1193. was then handed over to emperor 
Heinrich VI, kept prisoner at Trifels Castle (Germany) until Feb. 
4, 1194 and released on payment of a large ransom. Duke Leopold V 
spent his share on the expansion of Vienna (especially on 
fortifications) and other places and on the construction of Wiener 
Neustadt; the Austrian Mint ( Muenze Oesterreich AG) is also believed 
to originate from the ransom money.

!Literature
B. B. Broughton, The Legends of King R. I., 
1966; U. Kessler, Richard I. Loewenherz. Koenig, Kreuzritter, 
Abenteurer, 1995.


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