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Libya: Economy#

Libya's economy, almost entirely dependent on oil and gas exports, struggled during 2015 as the country plunged into civil war and world oil prices dropped to seven-year lows. In early 2015, armed conflict between rival forces for control of the country’s largest oil terminals caused a decline in Libyan crude oil production, which never recovered to more than one-third of the average pre-Revolution highs of 1.6 million barrels per day. The Central Bank of Libya continued to pay government salaries to a majority of the Libyan workforce and to fund subsidies for fuel and food, resulting in an estimated budget deficit of about 49% of GDP.

Libya’s economic transition away from QADHAFI’s notionally socialist model has completely stalled as political chaos persists and security continues to deteriorate. Libya’s leaders have hindered economic development by failing to use its financial resources to invest in national infrastructure. The country suffers from widespread power outages in its largest cities, caused by shortages of fuel for power generation. Living conditions, including access to clean drinking water, medical services, and safe housing, have all declined as the civil war has caused more people to become internally displaced, further straining local resources.

Extremists affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) attacked Libyan oilfields in the first half of 2015; ISIL has a presence in many cities across Libya including near oil infrastructure, threatening future government revenues from oil and gas.

Economic Facts#

GDP (purchasing power parity)$90.89 billion (2016 est.)
$94.01 billion (2015 est.)
$100.4 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)$39.39 billion (2015 est.)
GDP - real growth rate-3.3% (2016 est.)
-6.4% (2015 est.)
-24% (2014 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)$14,200 (2016 est.)
$14,900 (2015 est.)
$16,000 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
Gross national saving-17.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
-34% of GDP (2015 est.)
5.6% of GDP (2014 est.)
GDP - composition, by end usehousehold consumption: 84.3%
government consumption: 21.7%
investment in fixed capital: 3.4%
investment in inventories: 1.4%
exports of goods and services: 32.3%
imports of goods and services: -43.1% (2016 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of originagriculture: 1.9%
industry: 43.2%
services: 54.9% (2016 est.)
Agriculture - productswheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Industriespetroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Industrial production growth rate-6.7% (2016 est.)
Labor force1.153 million (2016 est.)
Labor force - by occupationagriculture: 17%
industry: 23%
services: 59% (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate30% (2004 est.)
Population below poverty lineNA%
note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line
Household income or consumption by percentage sharelowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Budgetrevenues: $5.792 billion
expenditures: $13.71 billion (2016 est.)
Taxes and other revenues14.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)-20.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Public debt10% of GDP (2016 est.)
8% of GDP (2015 est.)
Fiscal yearcalendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices)13% (2016 est.)
12.1% (2015 est.)
Central bank discount rate9.52% (31 December 2010)
3% (31 December 2009)
Commercial bank prime lending rate6% (31 December 2016 est.)
6% (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of narrow money$46.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$51.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of broad money$54.66 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$53.34 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
Stock of domestic credit$554.6 million (31 December 2016 est.)
$767.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares$NA
Current account balance-$18.66 billion (2016 est.)
-$16.7 billion (2015 est.)
Exports$10.65 billion (2016 est.)
$10.86 billion (2015 est.)
Exports - commoditiescrude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals
Exports - partnersItaly 32.1%, Germany 11.3%, China 8%, France 8%, Spain 5.6%, Netherlands 5.4%, Syria 5.3% (2015)
Imports$9.551 billion (2016 est.)
$11.24 billion (2015 est.)
Imports - commoditiesmachinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products
Imports - partnersChina 14.8%, Italy 12.9%, Turkey 11.1%, Tunisia 6.5%, France 6.1%, Spain 4.6%, Syria 4.5%, Egypt 4.4%, South Korea 4.3% (2015)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold$55.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$70.99 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt - external$3.531 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$3.985 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home$18.96 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$18.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad$22.19 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$21.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Exchange ratesLibyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar -
1.69 (2016 est.)
1.379 (2015 est.)
1.379 (2014 est.)
1.2724 (2013 est.)
1.26 (2012 est.)