!!!Zimbabwe: People & Society
||Population|14,546,961 \\ ''__note__'': estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.) \\ 
||Nationality|''noun'': Zimbabwean(s) \\ ''adjective'': Zimbabwean \\ 
||Ethnic groups|African 99.4% (predominantly Shona; Ndebele is the second largest ethnic group), other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2% (2012 est.)
||Languages|Shona (official; most widely spoken), Ndebele (official, second most widely spoken), English (official; traditionally used for official business), 13 minority languages (official; includes Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa)
||Religions|Protestant 75.9% (includes Apostolic 38%, Pentecostal 21.1%, other 16.8%), Roman Catholic 8.4%, other Christian 8.4%, other 1.2% (includes traditional, Muslim), none 6.1% (2011 est.)
||Demographic profile|Zimbabwe’s progress in reproductive, maternal, and child health has stagnated in recent years. According to a 2010 Demographic and Health Survey, contraceptive use, the number of births attended by skilled practitioners, and child mortality have either stalled or somewhat deteriorated since the mid-2000s. Zimbabwe’s total fertility rate has remained fairly stable at about 4 children per woman for the last two decades, although an uptick in the urban birth rate in recent years has caused a slight rise in the country’s overall fertility rate. Zimbabwe’s HIV prevalence rate dropped from approximately 29% to 15% since 1997 but remains among the world’s highest and continues to suppress the country’s life expectancy rate. The proliferation of HIV/AIDS information and prevention programs and personal experience with those suffering or dying from the disease have helped to change sexual behavior and reduce the epidemic. Historically, the vast majority of Zimbabwe’s migration has been internal – a rural-urban flow. In terms of international migration, over the last 40 years Zimbabwe has gradually shifted from being a destination country to one of emigration and, to a lesser degree, one of transit (for East African illegal migrants traveling to South Africa). As a British colony, Zimbabwe attracted significant numbers of permanent immigrants from the UK and other European countries, as well as temporary economic migrants from Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia. Although Zimbabweans have migrated to South Africa since the beginning of the 20th century to work as miners, the first major exodus from the country occurred in the years before and after independence in 1980. The outward migration was politically and racially influenced; a large share of the white population of European origin chose to leave rather than live under a new black-majority government. In the 1990s and 2000s, economic mismanagement and hyperinflation sparked a second, more diverse wave of emigration. This massive out migration – primarily to other southern African countries, the UK, and the US – has created a variety of challenges, including brain drain, illegal migration, and human smuggling and trafficking. Several factors have pushed highly skilled workers to go abroad, including unemployment, lower wages, a lack of resources, and few opportunities for career growth.
||Age structure|''0-14 years'': 37.8% (male 2,778,806/female 2,720,033) \\ ''15-24 years'': 21.29% (male 1,560,833/female 1,536,110) \\ ''25-54 years'': 33.86% (male 2,578,142/female 2,346,993) \\ ''55-64 years'': 3.55% (male 188,851/female 327,483) \\ ''65 years and over'': 3.5% (male 194,933/female 314,777) (2016 est.) \\ 
||Dependency ratios|''total dependency ratio'': 80.4% \\ ''youth dependency ratio'': 75% \\ ''elderly dependency ratio'': 5.3% \\ ''potential support ratio'': 18.7% (2015 est.) \\ 
||Median age|''total'': 20.6 years \\ ''male'': 20.5 years \\ ''female'': 20.8 years (2016 est.) \\ 
||Population growth rate|2.2% (2016 est.)
||Birth rate|31.9 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Death rate|9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Net migration rate|0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Urbanization|''urban population'': 32.4% of total population (2015) \\ ''rate of urbanization'': 2.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) \\ 
||Major urban areas - population|HARARE (capital) 1.501 million (2015)
||Sex ratio|''at birth'': 1.03 male(s)/female \\ ''0-14 years'': 1.02 male(s)/female \\ ''15-24 years'': 1.02 male(s)/female \\ ''25-54 years'': 1.1 male(s)/female \\ ''55-64 years'': 0.58 male(s)/female \\ ''65 years and over'': 0.64 male(s)/female \\ ''total population'': 1.01 male(s)/female (2016 est.) \\ 
||Mother's mean age at first birth|20.5 \\ ''__note__'': median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010/11 est.) \\ 
||Maternal mortality rate|443 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
||Infant mortality rate|''total'': 25.9 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''male'': 28.1 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''female'': 23.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) \\ 
||Life expectancy at birth|''total population'': 58 years \\ ''male'': 57.3 years \\ ''female'': 58.7 years (2016 est.) \\ 
||Total fertility rate|3.5 children born/woman (2016 est.)
||Contraceptive prevalence rate|58.5% (2010/11)
||Health expenditures|6.4% of GDP (2014)
||Physicians density|0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
||Hospital bed density|1.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)
||Drinking water source|''improved'':  \\ urban: 97% of population \\ rural: 67.3% of population \\ total: 76.9% of population \\ ''unimproved'':  \\ urban: 3% of population \\ rural: 32.7% of population \\ total: 23.1% of population (2015 est.) \\ 
||Sanitation facility access|''improved'':  \\ urban: 49.3% of population \\ rural: 30.8% of population \\ total: 36.8% of population \\ ''unimproved'':  \\ urban: 50.7% of population \\ rural: 69.2% of population \\ total: 63.2% of population (2015 est.) \\ 
||HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate|14.69% (2015 est.)
||HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS|1,425,800 (2015 est.)
||HIV/AIDS - deaths|29,400 (2015 est.)
||Major infectious diseases|''degree of risk'': high \\ ''food or waterborne diseases'': bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever \\ ''vectorborne diseases'': malaria and dengue fever \\ ''water contact disease'': schistosomiasis \\ ''animal contact disease'': rabies (2016) \\ 
||Obesity - adult prevalence rate|8.4% (2014)
||Children under the age of 5 years underweight|11.2% (2014)
||Education expenditures|8.4% of GDP (2014)
||Literacy|''definition'': age 15 and over can read and write English \\ ''total population'': 86.5% \\ ''male'': 88.5% \\ ''female'': 84.6% (2015 est.) \\ 
||School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)|''total'': 10 years \\ ''male'': 10 years \\ ''female'': 10 years (2013) \\ 
||Unemployment, youth ages 15-24|''total'': 8.7% \\ ''male'': 7.7% \\ ''female'': 9.8% (2012 est.) \\