!!!Cuba: People & Society ||Population|11,179,995 (July 2016 est.) ||Nationality|''noun'': Cuban(s) \\ ''adjective'': Cuban \\ ||Ethnic groups|white 64.1%, mestizo 26.6%, black 9.3% (2012 est.) ||Languages|Spanish (official) ||Religions|nominally Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jewish, Santeria \\ ''__note__'': prior to CASTRO assuming power \\ ||Age structure|''0-14 years'': 16.7% (male 960,832/female 905,904) \\ ''15-24 years'': 12.44% (male 721,390/female 669,960) \\ ''25-54 years'': 44.95% (male 2,526,467/female 2,498,882) \\ ''55-64 years'': 11.27% (male 610,190/female 649,656) \\ ''65 years and over'': 14.64% (male 751,621/female 885,093) (2016 est.) \\ ||Dependency ratios|''total dependency ratio'': 43.4% \\ ''youth dependency ratio'': 23.4% \\ ''elderly dependency ratio'': 20% \\ ''potential support ratio'': 5% (2015 est.) \\ ||Median age|''total'': 41.1 years \\ ''male'': 40 years \\ ''female'': 42.2 years (2016 est.) \\ ||Population growth rate|-0.3% (2016 est.) ||Birth rate|10.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Death rate|8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Net migration rate|-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Population distribution|large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana ||Urbanization|''urban population'': 77.1% of total population (2015) \\ ''rate of urbanization'': 0.07% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) \\ ||Major urban areas - population|HAVANA (capital) 2.137 million (2015) ||Sex ratio|''at birth'': 1.06 male(s)/female \\ ''0-14 years'': 1.06 male(s)/female \\ ''15-24 years'': 1.08 male(s)/female \\ ''25-54 years'': 1.01 male(s)/female \\ ''55-64 years'': 0.94 male(s)/female \\ ''65 years and over'': 0.81 male(s)/female \\ ''total population'': 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.) \\ ||Maternal mortality rate|39 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) ||Infant mortality rate|''total'': 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''male'': 5 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''female'': 4 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) \\ ||Life expectancy at birth|''total population'': 78.7 years \\ ''male'': 76.4 years \\ ''female'': 81.1 years (2016 est.) \\ ||Total fertility rate|1.71 children born/woman (2016 est.) ||Contraceptive prevalence rate|74.3% (2010/11) ||Health expenditures|11.1% of GDP (2014) ||Physicians density|6.72 physicians/1,000 population (2010) ||Hospital bed density|5.3 beds/1,000 population (2012) ||Drinking water source|''improved'': \\ urban: 96.4% of population \\ rural: 89.8% of population \\ total: 94.9% of population \\ ''unimproved'': \\ urban: 3.6% of population \\ rural: 10.2% of population \\ total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.) \\ ||Sanitation facility access|''improved'': \\ urban: 94.4% of population \\ rural: 89.1% of population \\ total: 93.2% of population \\ ''unimproved'': \\ urban: 5.6% of population \\ rural: 10.9% of population \\ total: 6.8% of population (2015 est.) \\ ||HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate|0.31% (2015 est.) ||HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS|21,900 (2015 est.) ||HIV/AIDS - deaths|200 (2015 est.) ||Major infectious diseases|''degree of risk'': intermediate \\ ''food or waterborne diseases'': bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A \\ ''vectorborne diseases'': dengue fever \\ \\ ''__note__'': active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016) \\ ||Obesity - adult prevalence rate|27.2% (2014) ||Education expenditures|12.8% of GDP (2010) ||Literacy|''definition'': age 15 and over can read and write \\ ''total population'': 99.8% \\ ''male'': 99.9% \\ ''female'': 99.8% (2015 est.) \\ ||School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)|''total'': 14 years \\ ''male'': 14 years \\ ''female'': 14 years (2014) \\ ||Unemployment, youth ages 15-24|''total'': 6.1% \\ ''male'': 6.4% \\ ''female'': 5.6% (2010 est.) \\ ||People - note|illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US has surged since the beginning of improved US-Cuban relations in late December 2014