!!!Kyrgyzstan: Government
||Country name|''conventional long form'': Kyrgyz Republic \\ ''conventional short form'': Kyrgyzstan \\ ''local long form'': Kyrgyz Respublikasy \\ ''local short form'': Kyrgyzstan \\ ''former'': Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic \\ ''etymology'': a combination of the Turkic words "kyrg" (forty) and "-yz" (tribes) with the Persian suffix "-stan" (country) creating the meaning "Land of the forty tribes"; the name refers to the forty clans united by the legendary Kyrgyz hero, MANAS \\ 
||Government type|parliamentary republic
||Capital|Bishkek[{GoogleMap location='Bishkek' zoom='6'}] \\ ''geographic coordinates'': 42 52 N, 74 36 E \\ ''time difference'': UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) \\ 
||Administrative divisions|7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol) \\ ''__note__'': administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) \\ 
||Independence|31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
||National holiday|Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
||Constitution|previous 1993; latest adopted 27 June 2010, effective 2 July 2010 (2016)
||Legal system|civil law system which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws
||International law organization participation|has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
||Citizenship|''citizenship by birth'': no \\ ''citizenship by descent only'': at least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan \\ ''dual citizenship recognized'': yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force \\ ''residency requirement for naturalization'': 5 years \\ 
||Suffrage|18 years of age; universal
||Executive branch|''chief of state'': President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011) \\ ''head of government'': Prime Minister Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (since 13 April 2016) \\ ''cabinet'': Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president; defense and security committee chairs appointed by the president \\ ''elections/appointments'': president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 6-year term; election last held on 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister nominated by the majority party or majority coalition in the Supreme Council, appointed by the president \\ ''election results'': Almazbek ATAMBAEV elected president; percent of vote - Almazbek ATAMBAEV (SDPK) 63.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (All Kyrgyzstan) 14.7%, Kamchybek TASHIEV (Homeland) 14.3%, other 7.8%; Sooronbay JEENBEKOV elected prime minister; Supreme Council vote - 115 to 0 \\ 
||Legislative branch|''description'': unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) \\ ''elections'': last held on 4 October 2015 (next to be held in 2020) \\ ''election results'': Supreme Council - percent of vote by party - SDPK 27.4%, Respublika-Ata-Jurt 20.1%, Kyrgyzstan Party 12.9%, Onuguu-Progress 9.3%, Bir Bol 8.5%, Ata-Meken 7.8%, other 14%; seats by party - SDPK 38, Respublika-Ata-Jurt 28, Kyrgyzstan Party 18, Onuguu-Progress 13, Bir Bol 12, Ata-Meken 11 \\ 
||Judicial branch|''highest court(s)'': Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges) \\ ''judge selection and term of office'': Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts \\ ''subordinate courts'': Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts \\ 
||Political parties and leaders|Ata-Jurt-Respublika (Homeland-Republic) (Omurbek BABANOV, Kamchybek TASHIEV) \\ Ata-Meken (Fatherland) (Omurbek TEKEBAEV) \\ Bir Bol (Stay United) (Altynbek SULAIMANOV) \\ Kyrgyzstan Party (Kanatbek ISAEV, Kanybek IMANALIEV) \\ Onuguu-Progress (Bakyt TOROBAEV) \\ Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or SDPK (Almazbek ATAMBAEV)
||Political pressure groups and leaders|Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic (Cholpon JAKUPOVA) \\ Citizens Against Corruption (Tolekan ISMAILOVA) \\ Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society (Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA) \\ Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) (Aziza ABDIRASULOVA) \\ Precedent Partnership Group (Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV) \\ Societal Analysis Public Association (Rita KARASARTOVA) \\ Union of True Muslims (Nurlan MOTUEV)
||International organization participation|ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
||Diplomatic representation in the US|''chief of mission'': Ambassador Kadyr TOKTOGULOV (since 23 February 2015) \\ ''chancery'': 2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008 \\ ''telephone'': (1) (202) 449-9822-23 \\ ''FAX'': (1) (202) 386-7550 \\ ''consulate(s)'': New York \\ 
||Diplomatic representation from the US|''chief of mission'': Ambassador Sheila GWALTNEY (14 October 2015) \\ ''embassy'': 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016 \\ ''mailing address'': use embassy street address \\ ''telephone'': (996) (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217 \\ ''FAX'': (996) (312) 551-264 \\ 
||Flag description|red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth
||National symbol(s)|gyrfalcon; national colors: red, yellow
||National anthem|''name'': "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic) \\ ''lyrics/music'': Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV \\  \\ ''__note__'': adopted 1992 \\