!!!Tajikistan: People & Society ||Population|8,330,946 (July 2016 est.) ||Nationality|''noun'': Tajikistani(s) \\ ''adjective'': Tajikistani \\ ||Ethnic groups|Tajik 84.3%, Uzbek 13.8% (includes Lakai, Kongrat, Katagan, Barlos, Yuz), other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab) (2010 est.) ||Languages|Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business \\ ''__note__'': different ethnic groups speak Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Pashto \\ ||Religions|Sunni Muslim 85%, Shia Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.) ||Age structure|''0-14 years'': 32.56% (male 1,380,959/female 1,331,790) \\ ''15-24 years'': 19.04% (male 804,625/female 781,469) \\ ''25-54 years'': 39.79% (male 1,640,657/female 1,674,198) \\ ''55-64 years'': 5.37% (male 205,541/female 241,770) \\ ''65 years and over'': 3.24% (male 112,279/female 157,658) (2016 est.) \\ ||Dependency ratios|''total dependency ratio'': 60.9% \\ ''youth dependency ratio'': 56% \\ ''elderly dependency ratio'': 4.8% \\ ''potential support ratio'': 20.7% (2015 est.) \\ ||Median age|''total'': 24.2 years \\ ''male'': 23.6 years \\ ''female'': 24.8 years (2016 est.) \\ ||Population growth rate|1.66% (2016 est.) ||Birth rate|23.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Death rate|6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Net migration rate|-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) ||Population distribution|the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west ||Urbanization|''urban population'': 26.8% of total population (2015) \\ ''rate of urbanization'': 2.62% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) \\ ||Major urban areas - population|DUSHANBE (capital) 822,000 (2015) ||Sex ratio|''at birth'': 1.05 male(s)/female \\ ''0-14 years'': 1.04 male(s)/female \\ ''15-24 years'': 1.03 male(s)/female \\ ''25-54 years'': 0.98 male(s)/female \\ ''55-64 years'': 0.85 male(s)/female \\ ''65 years and over'': 0.72 male(s)/female \\ ''total population'': 0.99 male(s)/female (2016 est.) \\ ||Mother's mean age at first birth|22.8 \\ ''__note__'': median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.) \\ ||Maternal mortality rate|32 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) ||Infant mortality rate|''total'': 32.8 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''male'': 37.1 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''female'': 28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) \\ ||Life expectancy at birth|''total population'': 67.7 years \\ ''male'': 64.6 years \\ ''female'': 71 years (2016 est.) \\ ||Total fertility rate|2.67 children born/woman (2016 est.) ||Contraceptive prevalence rate|27.9% (2012) ||Health expenditures|6.9% of GDP (2014) ||Physicians density|1.92 physicians/1,000 population (2013) ||Hospital bed density|5.5 beds/1,000 population (2011) ||Drinking water source|''improved'': \\ urban: 93.1% of population \\ rural: 66.7% of population \\ total: 73.8% of population \\ ''unimproved'': \\ urban: 6.9% of population \\ rural: 33.3% of population \\ total: 26.2% of population (2015 est.) \\ ||Sanitation facility access|''improved'': \\ urban: 93.8% of population \\ rural: 95.5% of population \\ total: 95% of population \\ ''unimproved'': \\ urban: 6.2% of population \\ rural: 4.5% of population \\ total: 5% of population (2015 est.) \\ ||HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate|0.31% (2015 est.) ||HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS|16,200 (2015 est.) ||HIV/AIDS - deaths|800 (2015 est.) ||Major infectious diseases|''degree of risk'': high \\ ''food or waterborne diseases'': bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever \\ ''vectorborne diseases'': malaria (2016) \\ ||Obesity - adult prevalence rate|12% (2014) ||Children under the age of 5 years underweight|13.3% (2012) ||Education expenditures|5.2% of GDP (2015) ||Literacy|''definition'': age 15 and over can read and write \\ ''total population'': 99.8% \\ ''male'': 99.8% \\ ''female'': 99.7% (2015 est.) \\ ||School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)|''total'': 11 years \\ ''male'': 12 years \\ ''female'': 11 years (2013) \\ ||Child labor - children ages 5-14|''total number'': 164,432 \\ ''percentage'': 10% (2005 est.) \\ ||Unemployment, youth ages 15-24|''total'': 16.7% \\ ''male'': 19.2% \\ ''female'': 13.7% (2009 est.) \\