!!!Turkmenistan: People & Society
||Population|5,291,317 (July 2016 est.)
||Nationality|''noun'': Turkmen(s) \\ ''adjective'': Turkmen \\ 
||Ethnic groups|Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)
||Languages|Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
||Religions|Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
||Age structure|''0-14 years'': 25.95% (male 695,752/female 677,166) \\ ''15-24 years'': 19.04% (male 506,856/female 500,647) \\ ''25-54 years'': 42.86% (male 1,125,058/female 1,142,870) \\ ''55-64 years'': 7.59% (male 189,464/female 212,330) \\ ''65 years and over'': 4.56% (male 105,140/female 136,034) (2016 est.) \\ 
||Dependency ratios|''total dependency ratio'': 47.9% \\ ''youth dependency ratio'': 41.7% \\ ''elderly dependency ratio'': 6.1% \\ ''potential support ratio'': 16.3% (2015 est.) \\ 
||Median age|''total'': 27.5 years \\ ''male'': 27 years \\ ''female'': 28 years (2016 est.) \\ 
||Population growth rate|1.13% (2016 est.)
||Birth rate|19.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Death rate|6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Net migration rate|-1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Population distribution|the most densly populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat
||Urbanization|''urban population'': 50% of total population (2015) \\ ''rate of urbanization'': 1.94% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) \\ 
||Major urban areas - population|ASHGABAT (capital) 746,000 (2015)
||Sex ratio|''at birth'': 1.05 male(s)/female \\ ''0-14 years'': 1.03 male(s)/female \\ ''15-24 years'': 1.01 male(s)/female \\ ''25-54 years'': 0.98 male(s)/female \\ ''55-64 years'': 0.89 male(s)/female \\ ''65 years and over'': 0.77 male(s)/female \\ ''total population'': 0.98 male(s)/female (2016 est.) \\ 
||Mother's mean age at first birth|24.6 (2006 est.)
||Maternal mortality rate|42 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
||Infant mortality rate|''total'': 35.5 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''male'': 42.7 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''female'': 28.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) \\ 
||Life expectancy at birth|''total population'': 70.1 years \\ ''male'': 67.1 years \\ ''female'': 73.3 years (2016 est.) \\ 
||Total fertility rate|2.08 children born/woman (2016 est.)
||Contraceptive prevalence rate|48% (2006)
||Health expenditures|2.1% of GDP (2014)
||Hospital bed density|4 beds/1,000 population (2012)
||Drinking water source|''improved'':  \\ urban: 89.1% of population \\ rural: 53.7% of population \\ total: 71.1% of population \\ ''unimproved'':  \\ urban: 10.9% of population \\ rural: 46.3% of population \\ total: 28.9% of population (2012 est.) \\ 
||Sanitation facility access|''improved'':  \\ urban: 100% of population \\ rural: 98.2% of population \\ total: 99.1% of population \\ ''unimproved'':  \\ urban: 0% of population \\ rural: 1.8% of population \\ total: 0.9% of population (2012 est.) \\ 
||HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate|NA
||HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS|NA
||HIV/AIDS - deaths|NA
||Obesity - adult prevalence rate|18.8% (2014)
||Children under the age of 5 years underweight|9.2% (2006)
||Education expenditures|3% of GDP (2012)
||Literacy|''definition'': age 15 and over can read and write \\ ''total population'': 99.7% \\ ''male'': 99.8% \\ ''female'': 99.6% (2015 est.) \\ 
||School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)|''total'': 11 years \\ ''male'': 11 years \\ ''female'': 11 years (2014) \\