Bulgaria: Geography#
| Location | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey |
|---|---|
| Geographic Coordinates | 43 00 N, 25 00 E 43.0,25.0 |
| Area | total: 110,879 sq km land: 108,489 sq km water: 2,390 sq km [Verified in 8 databases] |
| Land boundaries | total: 1,806 km border countries: Greece 472 km, Macedonia 162 km, Romania 605 km, Serbia 344 km, Turkey 223 km |
| Coastline | 354 km |
| Elevation Extremes | lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m |
| Highest Mountains | Due to difference in mountain rankings taken from two data sources we are listing here both lists : According to Wolfram: Musala 2925 m; Vihren 2915 m; Kutelo 2908 m; Malka Musala 2902 m; Banski Suhodol 2884 m According to Geonames: Musala 2925 m; Polezhan 2851 m; Mal’ovitsa 2729 m; Botev 2376 m; Vitosha 2290 m Attempted Explanation: Please help us to try to explain the discrepancies by sending us helpful information to office nospam@TUGraz.at @global-geography.org Important Mountains |
| Terrain | mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast |
| Natural Hazards | earthquakes; landslides |
| Natural Resource | bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land |
| Land Use | arable land: 29.28% permanent crops: 1.44% other: 69.28% (2011) |
| Climate | temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |
| Irrigated Land | 1,046 sq km (2007) |
| Renewable Water Resources | 21.3 cu km (2011) |
| Environment_CurrentIssues | air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Large Cities | Sofia; Plovdiv; Varna; Burgas; Ruse [Verified] Important Cities |
| Geography-note | strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia Important Rivers Important Lakes |