!!!Austromarxismus

Austro-Marxism, a term describing the Austrian school of (Neo-) 
Marxism, which originated after 1900 and was mainly promoted by the 
theoreticians M.  Adler, R.  Hilferding and O.  Bauer and formed the 
most extreme left wing of the Socialist International. Austro-Marxism 
was more a political and philosophical movement and often stood in 
opposition to the political practices of the Social Democratic Party, 
which co-operated more closely with the labour unions. The proponents 
of Austro-Marxism defended the standpoint of the proletarian 
revolution and wanted to apply Marx's ideas to all political and 
economic spheres. The development of Austro-Marxism was connected to 
the 1st volume of "Blaetter zur Theorie und Politik des 
wissenschaftlichen Sozialismus" (On the theory and politics of 
scientific socialism) which appeared in 1904, the "Marxstudien" (Marx 
studies) published by M. Adler und R. Hilferding and the monthly 
periodical "Der Kampf" (from 1907 on). After 1917 (Russian Revolution) 
Austro-Marxism tried to mediate between the Second (Socialist) and 
Third (Communist) International, but later distanced itself from 
Bolshevism in the light of experiences in the Soviet Union. In the  
Linz Programme drawn up by O. Bauer, the left and right wings of 
Austrian Social Democrats found common ground in their rejection of 
Bolshevism. Austro-Marxism ceased to exist after being banned from 
1934 to 1945).

!Further reading
A. Pfabigan, Illusion und Wirklichkeit, 1989; 
Zwischen Austro-Marxismus und Katholizismus, Festschrift for N. Leser, 
1993.


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