!!!Bürgertum Bourgeoisie: Originally the term denoted house-owners resident in a town to whom citizenship was granted. In the 19%%sup th/% century the term was also extended to civil servants, teachers, entrepreneurs, bankers, and others, i.e. it referred to an economically defined class. A considerable part of the bourgeoisie held liberal views and the bourgeoisie also played a decisive part in the 1848 Revolution and the following developments. In the course of the Industrial Revolution the bourgeoisie gradually developed into the political and social antithesis of the socialist-oriented workers' movement. By the 20%%sup th/% century, the members of the bourgeoisie were considered as politically conservative or right-wing, culturally as the guardians of traditional values. Since the middle of the 20%%sup th/% century, petty bourgeois life-styles have spread to the former working class. !Literature H. Stekl, P. Urbanitsch et al. (eds.), Buergertum in der Habsburgermonarchie, 2 vols., 1990-1992. %%language [Back to the Austrian Version|AEIOU/Bürgertum|class='wikipage austrian'] %% [{FreezeArticle author='AEIOU' template='Lexikon_1995_englisch'}] [{ALLOW view All}][{ALLOW comment All}][{ALLOW edit FreezeAdmin}]