!!!Bernhard von Sponheim, Herzog von Kärnten

b. between 1176 and 1181, 
d. Voelkermarkt (Carinthia) (?), Jan. 4, 1256, Duke of Carinthia, 
member of the  Sponheim family. As Duke he named himself sovereign of 
Carinthia (from 1202), initially loyal to Philipp of the House of 
Hohenstaufen he later sided with Otto IV, from 1213 allegiance to 
Friedrich II. Increased the power of his duchy by linking the three 
towns St. Veit, Klagenfurt and Voelkermarkt by trading routes, 
cemented his position by employing officers of state, promoted trade 
and improved transport routes; unsuccessful in his conflict with the 
Bishop of Bamberg; attempted the acquisition of Carniolan fiefs 
(founded Mariabrunn).



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