!!!Biographien

Biographies, accounts of the lives of personalities of the past and 
present. Inscriptions on tombs and the classical lives of saints (Vita 
Severini, Passio Floriani) were further developed as hagiography in 
the Middle Ages (Altmann von Passau, Archbishops of Salzburg). In the 
Early Modern period, funeral orations and detailed gravestone 
inscriptions included biographical data, later glorifications in book 
form were commissioned by powerful rulers, for example by Maximilian 
I. Critical biography writing began in the Age of Enlightenment. From 
the 19%%sup th/%  century, autobiographies have become common, with 
authors describing, and often justifying, their own life and actions.

\\
Biographical Dictionaries: C. von Wurzbach, Biographisches 
Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, 61 vols., 1856-1923; Grosse 
Oesterreicher. Neue oesterreichische Biographie, 21 vols., From 
1923; Who is Who in Austria (based on autobiographical data), several 
editions since 1955; Oesterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 
1815-1950, 1957ff.; W. Kleindel, Das grosse Buch der Oesterreicher, 
1987; I. Ackerl and F. Weissensteiner, Oe. Personenlexikon der 1. und 
2. Republik, 1992; Specialist biographical works for scholars and 
scientists: Kuerschners Deutscher Gelehrtenkalender, %%sup 15/%1992. 
Artists: U. Thieme and F. Becker, Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden 
Kuenstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, 37 vols., original 
edition 1900-1950, reprint 1992; H. Fuchs, Die oesterreichischen Maler 
des 19. Jahrhunderts, 6 vols., 1972-1979; idem, Die 
oesterreichischen Maler der Geburtsjahrgaenge 1881-1900, 2 vols., 
1976/77; idem, Die oesterreichischen Maler des 20. Jahrhunderts, 
7 vols. 1985-1992; H. Vollmer, Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden 
Kuenstler des 20. Jahrhunderts, 6 vols., 1992; Riemann, 
Musiklexikon, %%sup 12/%1959. Literature: Several institutions have 
their own biographical databanks in electronic form (ORF, newspapers, 
etc.). German biographical dictionaries which may also be relevant for 
Austria; Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 56 vols., 1875-1912, 
Nachdruck 1967; Neue Deutsche Biographie, 1953ff.; H. Giebisch and G. 
Gugitz, Bio-bibliographisches Literaturlexikon Oe., 1963; Kindlers 
Neues Literaturlexikon, 20 vols., 1988-1992; W. Killy, 
Literaturlexikon, 15 vols., 1988-1993; Riemann, Musiklexikon, 
%%sup 12/%1959-61, supplement 1973.

!Literature
E. Zoellner, Bemerkungen zu oesterreichischen historischen 
Biographien 1945-1991, MIOeG 100, 1992.


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