!!!Bosnien-Herzegowina

Bosnia-Herzegovina (Bosnia-Hercegovina): During the 7%%sup th/%  
century, settlement area of Slavic tribes, who mixed with the 
Illyrians, a tribe which had absorbed many Roman elements and customs. 
In the 15%%sup th/%  century, native dukes were quite powerful, but 
Bosnia still became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1443, Herzegovina in 
1482; in 1580, Bosnia-Herzegovina became a Turkish province 
(pashalic); a large part of the population converted to Islam. The 
rebellion in 1875 led to a Russian intervention; at the Congress of 
Berlin in 1878, Bosnia-Herzegovina was placed under Austrian 
administration while officially remaining part of the Ottoman Empire. 
Bosnia-Herzegovina was occupied despite the resistance of partisan 
movements, especially the Muslims under Hadji Loja. Austria created a 
stable school and health system in the area and initiated an economic 
upswing, thus gaining the support of the majority of the population. 
The formal annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908 
triggered off a European crisis. Bosnia-Herzegovina was not assigned 
to either half of the empire, but administered as a "Reichsland" by 
the joint Ministry of Finance. After the constitution of 1910, 
Bosnia-Herzegovina was granted its own government with a governor and 
a Landtag. The opposition among some parts of the population organized 
itself in the "Young Bosnia" movement, which had a hand in the murder 
of Archduke  Franz Ferdinand in 1914. Bosnia-Herzegovina became part 
of Yugoslavia in 1918.

!Literature
F. Schmid, Bosnien und Herzegowina unter der Verwaltung 
Oesterreich-Ungarns, 1914; E. Bauer, Zwischen Halbmond und 
Doppeladler, 1971.


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