!!!Bukowina

Bukovina (Beech Wood Land), until 1918 crown land of the 
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy with an area of 10,440 km%%sup 2/% in the 
headwater region of the Rivers Pruth and Sereth; now part of Ukraine 
(northern part) and Romania (southern part). After the Habsburgs had 
acquired Galicia in 1771, Joseph II tried to establish a link to 
Transylvania, and in 1774 he occupied the Bukovina, which was then 
part of the Turkish Empire. With Russian consent Turkey ceded the 
country in 1775. The Bukovina became an administrative unit of 
Galicia, in 1850 a crown land and from 1867 it was part of the western 
half of the Monarchy. In 1910 the Bukovina had a population of 
801,364: 40.8 % Ruthanians, 31.4 % Romanians, 3.7 % 
Poles, 21.8 % who spoke German (of which 96,000 were Jews and 
72,000 were Christians). The Landtag consisted of 31 members, 11 
delegates were sent to the Reichsrat (in 1900). The main city, 
Chernovtsy, was regarded as an outpost of the Monarchy; from 1875 it 
had a German university and theatre. Economically, the Bukovina was a 
developing region, trade was mainly in the hands of Jews and 
Armenians. In 1918 the Bukovina was annexed to Romania.

!Literature
R. F. Kaindl, Geschichte der Bukowina, 3 vols., 
1896-1903; H. Hofbauer, Bukowina, Bessarabien, Moldawien, 1993.


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