!!!Deutsch-dänischer Krieg

German-Danish War (also Prusso-Danish War, Danish War), January 16 - 
October 30, 1864, over the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and 
Lauenburg, up to then under the rule of the Danish king. The war was 
started by the Prussian prime minister O. von Bismarck, who skilfully 
managed to persuade the Austrian Emperor, Franz Joseph, and his 
foreign minister, J. B.  Rechberg, to act independently of the  
Deutscher Bund and take part in a special mission against Denmark. 
Denmark, whose hopes of assistance from England proved illusory, soon 
had to surrender to the superiority of Prussia and Austria.

\\
Under the Peace of Vienna, Denmark had to cede the duchies to the 
allies who, under the Convention of Gastein (August 14, 1865), agreed 
on their partition. In 1866 Prussian troops entered Holstein, which 
had been placed under Austrian rule, thus violating the Convention of 
Gastein. As a consequence, the Seven Week's War (1866,  
Austro-Prussian War  broke out. After Austria's defeat, Franz Joseph 
had to acquiesce in Prussia's annexation of Schleswig-Holstein; 
Prussia's pledge to let the Danish population of northern Schleswig 
decide in a referendum whether they wanted to be part of Prussia or 
Denmark was never redeemed.

!Literature
A. Kaernbach, Der preussisch-oesterreichische Dualismus im 
Lichte von Bismarcks Bemuehungen um eine Reform des Deutschen Bundes, 
doctoral thesis, Bonn 1988/1989; M. Klaus, Tegetthoffs Marsch in die 
Nordsee, Oeversee, Dueppler Schanzen, 1991.


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