!!!Eugen, Prinz von Savoyen

b. Paris (France), Oct. 18, 1663, 
d. Vienna, April 21, 1736, army commander and statesman. Great nephew 
of Cardinal Mazarin. After being rejected by the French military, he 
entered the Imperial Army in 1683 and fought in the liberation of 
Vienna ( Turkish Sieges of Vienna), as well as the campaigns in 
Hungary until 1689; until 1693 fought against the French in Italy; in 
1697 became high commander of the imperial army in the  Turkish Wars 
and defeated them at  Zenta. From 1700 fought in Italy in the  War of 
the Spanish Succession, and with the Duke of Marlborough (J. 
Churchill) emerged victorious near Hoechstaedt in Bavaria in 1704, 
liberated Turin in 1706, defeated the French (again with Marlborough) 
in 1708 at  Oudenaarde and in 1709 at  Malplaquet, but in 1712 was 
unsuccessful.

\\
From 1703 was President of the Court Council of War; had the ramparts 
around Vienna built ( Linienwall) and in 1714 negotiated the Peace of  
Rastatt. 1707-1716 Governor of Milan, 1716-1724 General Governor of 
the Austrian Netherlands, then Vicar General in the Habsburg 
territories in Italy. In a second war against the Turks, E. had a 
victory at Petrovaradin in 1716 and at Belgrade on Aug. 16, 1717. 
After this glorious career, he was later reluctant to fight. 1734/35 
as Imperial high commander in the  War of Polish Succession against 
France, he had little success.

\\
E. was considered an important advisor to Emperors  Leopold I,  
Joseph I and  Karl VI ( great power of the Baroque age), as 
well as being one of the most important building patrons of the  
Baroque period. His winter palace in Himmelpfortgasse in Vienna (now 
the Ministry of Finance) was built by J. B.  Fischer von Erlach 
and J. L. von  Hildebrandt,  Belvedere Palace and  Schlosshof Palace 
in Marchfeld were built by J. L. von Hildebrandt. Prince E. was a 
great lover of books ("Eugeniana" in the Grand Hall of the  Austrian 
National Library) and collector; he kept a menagerie in Belvedere 
Palace. He did not marry. His gravestone is in St. Stephen's 
Cathedral, and a monument to him stands on Heldenplatz (A. D. von 
Fernkorn, 1865). Other monuments can be found in Budapest and Torino, 
apotheosis by B. Permoser in the Lower Belvedere; numerous paintings, 
busts, and other works document E.'s accomplishments.

!Literature
M. Braubach, Prinz Eugen von Savoyen, 5 vols., 
1963-1965; Prinz Eugen und das barocke Oesterreich, exhibition 
catalogue, Schlosshof, 1986; E. Trost, Prinz Eugen, eine Biographie, 
1986; F. Herre, Prinz Eugen, Europas heimlicher Herrscher, 1997.



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