!!!Ferien

School Holidays (vacation, recess): Extended period exempted from work 
or school. School holidays were still unknown in the Middle Ages, and 
the school year was interrupted by Sundays, numerous holy days and a 
few school festivities. Since the early part of the Modern Age regard 
has been given, to a degree varying with the region and school type, 
to the practical needs of what was predominantly a rural farming 
society (holidays during harvest time, i.e. September/October). While 
Emperor Joseph II had the school holidays shifted to July and 
August in 1786, the previous arrangement was again adopted after his 
death. Subsequently, school holidays were again gradually moved back 
to August/September (1829) and July/August (1928). Government 
regulation resulted in a gradual lengthening of holidays in the course 
of the 20%%sup th/%  century. Currently, school children have, in 
addition to nine weeks in July and August, extensive holidays at 
Christmas, at the end of the semester, around Easter and a somewhat 
shorter holiday period around Whitsun. University holidays are even 
longer.


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