!!!Französische Einflüsse

French Influences: Cultural and economic contacts between Austria and 
the territory that makes up today's France existed since the Celtic 
times. They first started becoming significant after the Crusades, 
which started in 1098. At the beginning of the 13%%sup th/%  century 
early Gothic artists from Burgundy came to Austria. In the 
14%%sup th/%  century dynastic ties through marriage were formed 
(Rudolf III married Blanca of France in 1300). The contacts 
intensified after Maximilian I married Mary of Burgundy; their 
grandsons Karl V and Ferdinand I wrote to each other in French. At the 
same time, however, conflicts of interest arose which often led to 
war: Austria and France fought most of their wars against each other. 
Economic and cultural influences increased after the Thirty Years War. 
From the 17%%sup th/%  century French was the most important cultural 
language of the upper classes and diplomats after Latin; during the 
Enlightenment French became the language of society and of the 
intellectuals. The French Revolution (emigres), Napoleon's empire and 
the political movements associated with it influenced Austria, as did 
the subsequent Romantic movement. In the second half of the 
19%%sup th/%  century cultural influences in painting (Impressionism), 
theatre and literature dominated.

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Around the mid-20%%sup th/%  century French became less favoured in 
foreign language education in Austria's schools; since the 
introduction of secondary schools emphasising modern languages, 
instruction in French has become more widespread.


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