!!!Friedensbewegung

Peace Movement: The novel "Die Waffen nieder!" ("Lay Down Your Arms!") 
by Bertha v.  Suttner, published in 1889, initiated the peace movement 
in Austria. In 1890 Suttner founded the "Austrian Peace Society " 
("Oesterreichische Gesellschaft der Friedensfreunde"), "Austrian 
Society of the Friends of Peace; "Suttner Society" since 1964), which 
other associations joined in subsequent years. In addition to Suttner 
A.  Fried figured prominently in the Austrian and European peace 
movement. During World War I members of the peace association "Para 
Pacem" (e.g. H. Lammasch, K. Dumba, J. Ude, J. Meinl and R. Mayreder) 
were staunch supporters of peace, although the association had been 
banned. After 1918 numerous new pacifist organisations were founded 
(Gesellschaft fuer Friedenserziehung - Society for Peace, 
Internationale Frauenliga fuer Frieden und Freiheit - International 
Women's League for Peace and Freedom, Internationaler Bund 
katholischer Esperantisten - International League of Catholic 
Esperantists, Katholischer Weltfriedensbund vom weissen Kreuz - 
Catholic League for World Peace of the White Cross, Oesterreichische 
Voelkerbundliga - Austrian League of Nations Association); the 
Catholic organisations joined together under the name "Katholische 
Internationale" - Catholic-International". After the death of Fried R. 
Goldscheid became president of the reestablished Peace Society 
(1923-1931), followed by the Social Democrat B. Schoenfeld; in 1936 
the Society was dissolved. The  Pan-Europe movement founded in 1923 by 
R.  Coudenhove-Kalergi in Vienna adopted peace propaganda in its 
platform. In 1938 the National Socialists dissolved all associations 
for peace. During World War II there were peace efforts within the 
Austrian  Resistance Movement. In 1946 the "Oesterreichische 
Friedensgesellschaft" ("Austrian Society for Peace") was 
reestablished, and in 1949 the "oesterreichischer Friedensrat" 
("Austrian Peace Council") was founded. Since 1973 the "Institut fuer 
Friedensforschung" ("University Centre for Peace Reseach") has existed 
at the University of Vienna. Further scientific institutes for peace 
research such as the "Oesterreichisches Studienzentrum fuer Frieden 
und Konfliktloesung" ("Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict 
Resolution") in Stadtschlaining (Burgenland) and the "Europaeisches 
Universitaetszentrum fuer Friedensstudien" ("European University 
Centre for Peace Studies") have also been established. In addition to 
"Koordinationsausschuss der oesterreichischen Friedensbewegung" 
("Co-ordination Committee of the Austrian Peace Movement"), of which 
organisations such as the Oesterreichische Hochschuelerschaft 
(Austrian Students' Association) and the Oesterreichischer 
Bundesjugendring (Austrian Youth Association) are members, there are 
other independent peace initiatives (e.g. the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer 
Wehrdienstverweigerung und Gewaltfreiheit - Association for 
Conscientious Objectors, SOS Mitmensch). The peace demonstration in 
Vienna on May 15, 1982 represented one of the highlights of the 
Austrian peace movement.

!Literature
M. Rauchensteiner (ed.), Ueberlegungen zum Frieden, 1987.


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