!!!Friedhöfe

Cemeteries: Burying the deceased in an area of land reserved for this 
purpose was common even in prehistoric times, as ancient graveyards 
show. In Roman times burials took place on large areas of land along 
main roads leading out of a town or city. In Christian times the dead 
were buried around churches, and prominent members of the community 
were buried inside the church. The right to bury the deceased was 
reserved to parish churches. From the 18%%sup th/%  century cemeteries 
were built out of town and those within the city were closed. In 1784 
Emperor Joseph II ordered for all cemeteries located within built-up 
areas to be closed, and interment inside churches was banned. All 
cemeteries located outside of villages and towns in this period are 
similar throughout the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. In Vienna new 
cemeteries were established outside the city limits, some of which 
were dug up and converted into parks after the opening of the  
>Central Cemetery in 1874. Many cemeteries are cultural monuments, 
such as the St. Marx Cemetery in Vienna, the Petersfriedhof Cemetery 
in Salzburg and the "Cemetery of the Romantics" in Maria Enzersdorf. 
During World War I cemeteries were established near the front (e.g. in 
East Tirol near Kartitsch) or near prisoner of war camps. A large 
cemetery for Austrian soldiers is located at Redipuglia in the Isonzo 
region (Italy). After World War II war cemeteries also became 
necessary in Austria, and the maintenance of Soviet cemeteries was 
stipulated by the Austrian State Treaty (Staatsvertrag) of 1955. The 
graves of fallen Austrian soldiers who fought in the German Army are 
mainly located in large cemeteries (especially in Lower Austria).

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After the Edict of Tolerance for Protestants in 1781, Protestant 
cemeteries were also established. In some places separating the burial 
grounds according to religion is still common today. Generally 
cemeteries are maintained by the municipalities, but are regulated by 
the individual provinces. Austrian Jewish communities established 
their own cemeteries, which still exist in many cities.  
Bestattungsmuseum.


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