!!!Gärten und Grünflächen

Parks and Gardens: Gardens with medicinal and other useful plants were 
laid out in the Middle Ages in monasteries and castles. Austria boasts 
a number of gardens from different eras of horticultural history, 
including, from the Baroque era, the garden of the Belvedere Palace in 
Vienna, created by J. L. v. Hildebrandt and D. Girard for Prince 
Eugène (1700-1725); the Rococo gardens of Schoenbrunn with 
original bosquettes, designed around 1750 by N. Jadot and L. Gervais, 
and complemented by J. F. Hetzendorf v. Hohenberg and W. Beyer 
around 1770; from the "English" phase the Laxenburg Gardens in Lower 
Austria, designed by I. Canevale around 1780 and enlarged by M. Riedl 
around 1800; from Historicism the Kaiserpark at Bad Ischl, laid out by 
F. Rauch around 1855-1860 for Emperor Franz Joseph; from the late 19th 
century the Tuerkenschanzpark in Vienna, by G. Sennholz, H. Goldemund 
and W. Hybler; from the time around 1900 green areas on the structures 
covering the Wien river and the garden around the Empress Elisabeth 
Monument by F. Ohmann, and from the inter-war period the gardens by A. 
Esch surrounding villas in Vienna's residential districts.

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While old parks and gardens are not covered by the protection of 
monuments legislation in Austria, the Federal Office for the 
Protection of Monuments sponsors protection projects for parks and 
gardens and offers advice to garden owners. At present, new green 
areas, parks and gardens are planned in the context of building 
construction, traffic planning and the creation of urban recreation 
areas (e.g. the Danube Island in Vienna). The modernisation of the 
Stadtpark gardens in Villach and the redesigned green spaces on 
Wienerberg hill constitute two examples of the modern approach to the 
preservation and improvement of parks. The last International 
Horticultural Show in Vienna was held in 1974. The professional 
organisation of garden and landscape architects is domiciled in 
Vienna. Parks and gardens in the various cities and municipalities are 
in the care of municipal garden departments, while the federal parks 
and gardens are supervised and maintained by the Federal Gardens 
Administration.

!Literature
Soziales Gruen in Wien, 1963; H. Kaut, Wiener Gaerten, 
1964; G. Hajós, Romantische Gaerten der Aufklaerung, 1989; 
Oesterreichische Gesellschaft fuer historische Gaerten (ed.), 
Historische Gaerten in Oesterreich, 1993; M. Auboeck and G. Ruland, 
Gruen in Wien, 1994.


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