!!!Germanen

Germans, summary term referring to one particular group of the peoples 
and tribes of Central Europe; they developed in the plains and low 
mountains of northern Germany during the late Iron Age, were exposed 
to Celtic influences to the south and involved in conflicts with the 
Roman Empire. Around the year of the birth of Christ various tribes 
entered into alliances under the chieftains Ariovistus, Arminius and 
Maroboduus, from the 3%%sup rd/%  century larger tribes were formed. 
Cimbri, Teutoni and Ambroni advanced to the regions of present-day 
Austria from 113-101 B.C. During the 1%%sup st/%  and the 2%%sup nd/%  
centuries A.D. Marcomanni and Quadi established an empire comprising 
parts of present-day Austria. Austrian regions were also involved when 
the Marcomanni, Quadi and Langobardi invaded the Roman Empire 166-180, 
when the Alemanni expanded their territories after 213, when the 
Vandals and Alani moved towards the west 406 and when the Ostrogoths, 
Heruli and Sciri fled the Huns in the 5%%sup th/%  century. At the end 
of the 5%%sup th/%  century Rugi settled in the Waldviertel region. 
The rule of the Langobardi in the 6%%sup th/%  century was followed by 
the formation of the Bavarian and Alemannic tribes.

!Literature
H. Doebler, Die Germanen, Legende und Wirklichkeit, 
2 vols., 1979; H. Wolfram, Die Geburt Mitteleuropas, Geschichte 
Oesterreichs vor seiner Entstehung, 1987.


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