!!!Gmünd

Gmuend, Lower Austria, town in the district of Gmuend, alt. 
485 m, pop. 6,028, area 25.10 km%%sup 2/%, situated in the 
northwest of the Weinviertel region near the Czech border; railway 
junction. One part of the town developed out of refugee camps 
(1915-1918). - District Commission, District Court, Office of 
Financial Affairs, Office of Surveying, Customs Office, Office of the 
Customs Police, Job Centre, District Branch of the Chamber of 
Agriculture, Chamber of Commerce, hospital, community centre, regional 
insurance office, Assangteich leisure centre, various school types: 
Bundesgymnasium and Bundesrealgymnasium secondary schools, 
Handelsakademie (commercial academy), Fachhochschule of Commerce, 
Foremen´s school of the Institute of Economic Development, 
Vocational Training Institute, Training Institute for Gerontology. 
About 61% of the workforce in Gmuend are employed in the service 
sector (mainly in social services, commerce and transport). Production 
sites: textile manufacturing, building materials; construction 
industries; Cross-border ventures with the Czech Republic. - Castle 
and town first documented 1255-1259, Gothic parish church with 
Romanesque core, 16%%sup th/%  century palace surrounded by English 
gardens, parts of medieval city walls still extant, square in the town 
centre with ancient town houses, town hall (16%%sup th/%  century) 
with Museum of the History of Gmuend and Museum of Glass and Rocks. 
After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy one part of the city 
of Gmuend was given to the Czech Republic in 1920 and given the name 
of Cěske Velenice, between 1942 and 1945 again part of Gmuend, 
since then returned to Czechoslovakia/the Czech Republic. To the 
northeast of Gmuend: Blockheide nature reserve.

!Literature
Oesterreichisches Staedtebuch, vol. IV, part 1, 
Die Staedte Niederoesterreichs, 1988; I. Pilz, Stadtgeschichte von 
Gmuend, 1975; M. Dacho, Die Stadt Gmuend in der Zweiten Republik, 
1988.


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