!!!Gruen, Victor David

b. Vienna, July 18, 1903, 
d. Vienna, Feb. 14, 1980, architect. Worked in Vienna until 1938, then 
emigrated to the USA, where in 1947 he founded one of the leading 
architecture firms in the USA (V. G. Associates). He became famous in 
1955/1956 for his design of the Southdale Center near Minneapolis, the 
first shopping centre in the world to be integrated under one roof and 
equipped with a revolutionary new type of heating system. In the 
mid-1960s in the United States G. developed the first concepts for 
pedestrian zones in Fort Worth and Fresno. In 1967 he returned to 
Vienna, where he opened another architecture office.

\\
Other projects: Northland Shopping Center, Detroit, 1954. -

!Publications
Shopping Towns USA, 1960; The Heart of Our Cities, 1964; 
Centers for the Urban Environment, 1973.



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