!!!Grundherrschaft

Manorial System, predominant form of land tenure in Austria in rural 
areas from the early Middle Ages to 1848. The landlord had to grant 
his vassals protection and shelter ("Schutz und Schirm") and exercised 
administrative and judicial functions. The relationship of the unfree 
peasants to their landlord was characterised by varying degrees of 
dependency; they had to pay their duties in kind or money and do 
statute labour. The manorial system came to an end when the farmlands 
which had been cultivated by the peasants ("Rustikalbesitz") were 
transferred to the peasants upon payment of compensation, while the 
lands that had been used by the manorial lords themselves 
("Dominikalbesitz") were turned into private landed property and large 
estates.


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