!!!Handelskompagnien

Trading Companies, Privileged, (German: Handelskompagnien) formed in 
the 17th and 18th centuries in accordance with the principles of 
Mercantilism to engage in trade with oriental (Turkey) and overseas 
countries.

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The first Oriental Trading Company in Austria was founded in 1667. It 
exported ironware and cloths and extended its activities as far as 
Persia but failed in the Turkish War of 1683. In the wake of the Peace 
of Passarowitz of 1718, which granted Austrian merchants the freedom 
of trade and the seas in the Ottoman Empire, freed them from taxation 
and enabled the appointment of consuls, a second Oriental Trading 
Company was established in Vienna in 1719, which was not only to 
resume trade along the Danube but also to operate from the free ports 
of Trieste and Fiume for its trade with Spain, Portugal and North 
Africa. Its development was stunted by competition on the part of 
Venice and obstacles encountered on the land routes. It finally failed 
on account of the bankruptcy of a lottery firm.

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In 1719 an Austrian East India company was founded in Ostend under the 
name of Ostend Company, which founded colonies in the Ganges delta 
(Banki Basar, 1722), on the Coromandel coast south of Madras (1719) as 
well as in Canton and other places. Regarded by England as a 
competitor, it was forced to cease activities in 1727 in return for 
England's recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction and was dissolved in 
1731. It continued to operate as a bank for trade with India and China 
until 1745, since the Indian bases remained in operation up to the 
middle of the 18th century.

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In 1775 the Dutchman W. Bolts founded an Austrian East-Indian Trading 
Company and established forts and trading posts on the coast of 
Southeast Africa and in India. It was transformed into an Asian 
Trading Company headquartered in Trieste in 1780 and dissolved in 
1785.

!Literature
J. Dullinger, Die Handelskompagnien Oesterreichs nach dem 
Oriente und nach Ostindien, in: Zeitschrift fuer Sozial- und 
Wirtschaftsgeschichte 7, 1900; H. v. Srbik, Der staatliche 
Exporthandel Oesterreichs von Leopold I. bis Maria Theresia, 
1907; F. Pollack-Parnau, Eine oesterreichisch-ostindische 
Handelskompagnie 1775-85, 1927; H. Hassinger, Die 1. Wiener 
Orientalische Handelskompagnie 1667-83, in: Vierteljahresschrift fuer 
Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 35; 1942.


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