!!!Hardtmuth, Joseph

b. Asparn an der Zaya (Lower Austria), Feb. 13, 1758, 
d. Vienna, May 23, 1816, architect, inventor and factory owner. 
Leading architect of the Romantic era in Austria; worked as royal 
architect in Liechtenstein and as clerk of works; invented the 
earthenware and the ceramic lead, which he originally used in his 
crockery and pencil factory. Patron of W. A. Mozart and F. Schubert, 
he himself often took part in private music-making in the home that 
was then the custom in Vienna. In 1889 his grandson Franz v. H. 
(1832-1896) developed the "Koh-i-noor" pencil with 17 different 
degrees of hardness.

!Works
Vienna: city palais Liechtenstein, Herrengasse, 1789-1791 (in 
collaboration with J. Meissl, demolished 1913-1917). Schwarzer Turm 
near Moedling, 1810. Eisgrub (Lednice, Czech Republic): Tuerkischer 
Turm 1797-1804; Hansenburg, 1807-1810. Feldsberg (Valtice, Czech 
Republic): Reistenkolonnade, 1810-1812. Lundenburg (Břeclav, 
Czech Republic): Jagdschloss Pohanska, 1810-1812.

!Literature
G. Wilhelm, J. H. (1758-1816), 1990.



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