!!!Hernals

Hernals, Vienna´s 17%%sup th/%  district, 
11.35 km%%sup 2/%, pop. 50,944 (1991). The former independent 
municipality of Hernals in the Alserbachtal valley between the 
foothills of the Vienna Woods was joined with  Dornbach and  
Neuwaldegg in 1892 to form Vienna´s 17%%sup th/%  district. 
First documented mention 1044; 1135 owned by the brothers Diepold and 
Neudingus (or Heudingus) von Als. Around 1600, under the barons of 
Joerger, Hernals was the centre of Vienna´s Protestants and, in 
the wake of the Counter Reformation, was given to the chapter of 
St. Stephen´s Cathedral, which made it the location of a 
Calvary in 1639 that became the destination of annual penitential 
processions. The "Holy Sepulchre" and the church were destroyed by the 
Turks in 1683, then restored (church rebuilt 1766-1769 by the Pauline 
order). From the traditional processions developed the popular Calvary 
market at Lent. Heavily damaged during World War II.

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To the northwest Hernals extends into the Vienna Woods; Heuberg hill 
(464 m) with bird sanctuary of the Vienna Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Schafberg hill (390 m), 
Michaelerwald wood, Neuwaldegger Park, Marswiese meadow, Rohrerhuette, 
both the Wiener Hoehenstrasse and the Exelbergstrasse roads start from 
here. Among the sights of Hernals, home of the  Schrammel-Quartett, 
are old taverns typical of the Viennese suburbs. Former cabarets 
(Gschwandtner, Stahlehner, etc.); Schrammel memorial (1967); 
Neuwaldegg-Schwarzenberg Palace (1692-1697), with Schwarzenbergpark 
(tomb of M. Lacy) and Hameau hill (former "Hollaenderdoerfl"); 
district museum (1934) in the Bank Austria building (1911) and fiacre 
museum (1968) in the "Fiaker-Haus", Calvary church (1766-1769) 
restored 1989, former Pauline monastery; Dornbach parish church 
(1931); Redemptorist church (1886-1889); Schafberg chapel (1953-1970) 
by F. Graf; Heubergsiedlung housing estate (1920-1922, based on plans 
by A. Loos); Joergerbad public indoor swimming pools (1912-1914, 
altered 1967-1969); Engelmann skating rink; sports grounds Marswiese 
and Postsportverein; housing estates, Hernalser Stadttheater 
(Metropol) theatre.

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In the 2%%sup nd/%  half of the 19%%sup th/%  century the centre of 
Hernals was quickly built up and industrialised (mainly processing 
industry, light and food-processing industries), declining number of 
businesses: 461 (1981), 358 (1991).

!Literature
M. Kinz, Damals in Hernals, 1990; H. Kretschmer, Hernals, 
Wr. Bezirkskulturfuehrer, 1983; R. Spitzer, Hernals: zwischen Guertel 
und Hameau, 1991; F. Czeike, Historisches Lexikon Wien, 5 vols., 
1992-1997.


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