!!!Herrenhaus

Herrenhaus: The upper chamber in the former Austrian  Reichsrat 
existed from 1861 to 1918; it consisted of 4 categories of members: 1) 
appointed archdukes; 2) archbishops and bishops of noble rank; 3) 
members of those noble families who were granted hereditary Reichsrat 
membership by the emperor; 4) Austrian citizens appointed for life by 
the emperor for services to the state and church, science and art.

!Literature
G. Stourzh, Die Entwicklung der ersten Kammer in der 
oesterreichischen Verfassung unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der 
Zeit von 1848-61, doctoral thesis, Vienna 1951.


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