!!!Hofrat

Hofrat, initially a member of an authority established by Emperor 
Maximilian I, since 1765 title for senior Austrian civil 
servants. It was abolished as an official title in the central offices 
in 1850; under the authorities´ reform of 1873 introduced as 
official title for subordinate offices, e.g. for heads of central 
authorities, high-ranking civil servants of the provincial authorities 
and as an award for university and teachers at all types of Gymnasium 
secondary school. Today official title ("Hofrat", "Wirklicher Hofrat", 
in Lower Austria "Vortragender Hofrat") in the federal authorities and 
the provinces (except Vienna and Carinthia), e.g. in the provincial 
central finance office, police force (jurists), main branches of the 
employment services, senior service in the labour inspectorates, 
public archives and the university administration. The Federal 
President awards the title of Hofrat to civil servants working in the 
administration.

!Literature
J. Ulbrich, Das oesterreichische Staatsrecht, 1909.


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