!!!Impressionismus

Impressionism, a style or movement in art which developed in the 
second half of the 19th century. Started by French painters, the style 
also had considerable influence on music and literature. The style 
never really caught on in Austria. Austrian open-air painting derived 
from older traditions, stressing the "atmosphere" of a landscape, and 
only occasionally showed similarities in style or technique with 
French impressionism. The leading Austrian painters of the period were 
A. von  Pettenkofen, T.  Blau and E. J.  Schindler. Under 
the influence of 17th century Dutch landscape painters and in 
particular of the Barbizon school, Schindler gathered around him a 
small circle of artists who frequently met at Plankenberg castle near 
Neulengbach, Lower Austria, from 1885 onwards. This school of 
landscape painters, to which belonged M.  Egner, O.  Wisinger-Florian, 
T. von  Hoermann and C.  Moll, is now considered to represent 
what is called Austrian "Stimmungsimpressionismus" ("mood 
impressionism"). Painters like E.  Jettel, R.  Ribarz, R.  Russ were 
closely associated with this school. In Austria it was the  Secession 
which first came to deliberately deal with the intrinsic problems 
raised by the Impressionist style, problems which long continued to 
have an influence on 20th century Austrian painting.

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In poetry, the chief Austrian representatives of impressionism, which 
is above all characterised by onomatopoeia and a musical approach to 
the use of language, are R. M.  Rilke, H. von  Hofmannsthal 
(in their early lyric work), P.  Altenberg, A.  Schnitzler and others  
Jung-Wien.

!Literature
P. Weninger and P. Mueller, Die Schule von Plankenberg. 
E. J. Schindler and der oesterreichische 
Stimmungsimpressionismus, exhibition catalogue, Vienna 1991.


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