!!!Kaiser

Emperor (Kaiser), highest secular rulership title, developed from the 
epithet of the Roman rulers (Caesar), existed in the Byzantine empire 
until 1453; in the West the title of Roman emperor, which had ended in 
476, was renewed by Karl der Grosse (Charlemagne) in 800 and taken on 
in 962 by the German king Otto der Grosse (Otto I). The Habsburgs 
were Roman Emperors from 1452-1740, and the Habsburg-Lothringer from 
1745-1806. On August 14, 1804, Franz II added "Emperor 
of Austria" to his titles; until 1918 this remained the first 
title of Austrian rulers. The Emperor of Austria was considered 
invulnerable and responsible to no one. After 1867, although the 
divine right of the monarch was maintained, each of the emperor's 
governmental acts also had to be signed by a responsible minister. The 
crown of the Roman Emperor was the Imperial Crown; the crown of the 
Emperor of Austria was the Habsburg family crown of Rudolf II 
dating from 1602; both of these are now in the Secular Imperial 
Treasury in Vienna.


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