!!!Karajan, Herbert von

b. Salzburg, April 5, 1908, 
d. Anif near Salzburg, July 16, 1989, conductor; great-grandson of 
Theodor Ritter* von  Karajan. Pupil of F.  Schalk. K.'s spectacular 
career began in Ulm in 1929, in 1934 he was general musical director 
in Aachen and from 1941 in Berlin (rivalry with W.  Furtwaengler). 
After the War he was prohibited from working, turned to the Vienna 
State Opera in 1947 and conducted the concerts of the Gesellschaft der 
Musikfreunde in Vienna. The 1950s were the starting point of his 
international career (numerous recordings). In 1954 he succeeded 
Furtwaengler as music director of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, 
1957-1964 director of the Vienna  State Opera, 1956-1960 and from 1965 
artistic director of the  Salzburg Festival, whose directorate he was 
a member of from 1964 to 1988 and whose international reputation is 
closely linked with his personality. He established the  Salzburg 
Easter Festival in 1967. K. promoted many young artists and was the 
recipient of numerous honours (e.g. Austrian Decoration for Science 
and Art 1961). The K. foundation was created in 1969. His artistic and 
musical legacy are administered by the Herbert von Karajan Center 
project established in Vienna in 1995

!Literature
P. Robinson, K., 1976; F. Endler, H. v. K., 1989; R. 
Osborne, Conversations with K., 1989; G. Mortier (ed.), H. v. K. und 
die Salzburger Festspiele, 1994; B. W. Wessling, H. v. K., 1994; F. 
Endler and K. M. Fritthum, K. an der Wr. Oper, 1997; R. Osborne, H. v. 
K., 1998.



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