!!!Kaufmännisches Schulwesen

Commercial Schools; originally (from the 18%%sup th/%  century) German 
educational establishments provided the model for Austrian trade 
schools and academies (e.g. Real-Handlungs-Akademie, established in 
1770, incorporated into the Polytechnical Institute as a commercial 
department in 1815) and became flourishing educational institutions 
which were mainly funded by commerce and local businesses after 1848. 
In the second half of the 19%%sup th/% century a uniform system of 
commercial education institutions was introduced which is still in 
force: commercial vocational schools as part-time schools for 
apprentices ( Berufsschulen), 2-year commercial colleges and 3- or 
4-year commercial colleges and academies. In the following decades the 
curricula of these schools and academies were adapted to new 
developments and the radical changes of the time; the training was 
prolonged by 1 or 2 years, (school leaving exams required for limited 
university entrance were introduced at the 4-year commercial colleges 
in 1920, 3-year commercial schools and 5-year commercial academies 
qualifying for university entrance were established in 1962). After 
1945 a variety of specialized school and college types were 
introduced: 3-year commercial college for data processing (Schule fuer 
Datenverarbeitungs-Kaufleute), 2-year school for office management and 
administrative organisation (Buero- und Verwaltungsschule), 2-year 
courses in office management (Bueropraxislehrgang, Lehrgang fuer 
Bueroberufe); 1-year school for office communication (Schule fuer 
Buerokommunikation). Today most of the larger Austrian towns have 
commercial educational establishments and there are 119 commercial 
schools and 119 commercial academies in Austria. A variety of courses 
and colleges (courses for handicapped people and for minorities, 
evening courses for working people and colleges for graduates of 
Gymnasium school types  Kollegs) have also been established to meet 
special requirements.


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