!!!Kindergarten

Kindergarten, the forerunners of the kindergarten were the nurseries 
(founded from 1830 onwards), which were often established by private 
individuals or societies. In the second half of 19%%sup th/% 
 century the nurseries changed under the influence of F. 
Froebel´s ideas on childhood pedagogy into institutions for 
preschool education (for children from 3 to 6 years old) aiming at 
promoting the social and intellectual development of children. Such 
kindergartens were established in Austria as early as 1872 and more 
and more kindergartens were founded by various Austrian 
municipalities. Since 1922 the Montessori philosophy has also been put 
into practice in Austria. After 1945 kindergartens for physically or 
mentally handicapped children were established. There are about 4,000 
kindergartens in Austria (in 1994); they are regulated and supervised 
by the provinces.

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Between 1872 and 1913 one-year vocational training was provided for 
kindergarten teachers, which was prolonged to 2 years in 1914, to 3 
years in 1958 and to 4 years in 1962. In 1982 a 5-year secondary 
school for childhood pedagogy was established. Today there are 27 
educational institutions providing education and training up to the 
academic standard required for university entrance.

!Literature
J. Scheipl, Die Entwicklung des oesterreichischen 
Kindergarten-Wesens im Rahmen der Erziehungsgeschichte, in: J. Scheipl 
and O. Vág (eds.), Ueber die Geschichte der Vorschulerziehung 
in Oesterreich und in Ungarn, 1993.


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