!!!Klassizismus

Classicism: In the arts, an aesthetic school appearing in various 
epochs which is based on the art of Greek and Roman antiquity. The 
schools of architecture in the 17%%sup th/%  and 18%%sup th/%  
centuries, for example, which showed a preference for less decoration 
and clearer lines and emphasised temple motifs, etc. are referred to 
as Baroque classicism. Classicism in the narrower sense refers to the 
Romantic classicism of the late 18%%sup th/%  and early 19%%sup th/%  
centuries (as part of Romantic  Historicism), whereas later classicist 
movements are often called Neoclassicism. Such trends existed within 
strict historicism, Jugendstil, and in the first half of the 
20%%sup th/%  century (J.  Hoffmann, A.  Loos). Many Romantic works 
contain classicist elements; in their most marked form these are to be 
found in architecture (L. Montoyer, C. de Moreau) and sculpture 
(F. A. Zauner, L. Kiesling). Terms describing subsidiary concepts 
that were coined for French classicism, such as Empire, are sometimes 
used in an explanatory way for Austrian arts, in particular for 
interior decoration and industrial arts. Due to its representative 
style, classicism traditionally corresponds to authoritarian political 
structures (such as National Socialism), although this is not a 
general rule. T.  Hansen chose the new Hellenistic style for the 
parliament building in Vienna as being symbolic of the Greeks' 
democratic ideal of a state. The so-called revolutionary classicism in 
18%%sup th/% -century architecture, which is characterised by a 
preference for smooth, stereometric, massive forms, as seen 
particularly in the works of Isidor  Canevale, actually has little to 
do with classicism as such.

!Literature
Klassizismus in Wien, exhibition catalogue, Vienna 1978.


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