!!!Kreuzzüge

Crusades: From 1096, when the first crusade was started, the Danube 
Valley served European crusaders as a passage to the Holy Land. Itha, 
the mother of Margrave Leopold III, and Thiemo, Archbishop of 
Salzburg, participated in the 1%%sup st/%  crusade, the Babenbergs 
Heinrich II and Otto von Freising, together with Bernhard von Marburg 
of the Sponheim dynasty, took part in the 2%%sup nd/%  crusade, during 
which he died (1147/1148). During the 3%%sup rd/%  crusade Duke 
Leopold IV had the famous conflict with King Richard I, the 
Lion-Hearted in Akko in 1191. Duke Friedrich I died in 1198 as a 
member of a vanguard preceding the 6%%sup th/%  crusade, Duke Leopold 
VI launched a crusade against the Albigenses in southern France in 
1212 and took part in the crusade to Egypt from 1217 to 1219, during 
which the fortification of Damiette was conquered. Crusades caused 
great losses among European knights, as they were not adequately 
equipped to cope with the climate and the weapons of the Muslims (bow 
and arrow), but also enabled Europeans to have come into contact with 
a world that had been unknown until then ( Byzantine Influences ). The 
new orders of knighthood ( Teutonic Order,  Knights of St. 
John(Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Templar) 
also settled in Austria.

!Literature
H. E. Mayer, Geschichte der Kreuzzuege, 
%%sup 3/%1973.


%%language
[Back to the Austrian Version|AEIOU/Kreuzzüge|class='wikipage austrian']
%%

[{FreezeArticle author='AEIOU' template='Lexikon_1995_englisch'}]
[{ALLOW view All}][{ALLOW comment All}][{ALLOW edit FreezeAdmin}]