!!!Kunstgeschichte

History of Art: In Austria the academic discipline of history of art 
developed from the study of history and devised an autonomous 
methodology. There are university departments of art history in Graz, 
Innsbruck, Salzburg and Vienna; the Institute of Art History at the 
University of Vienna being the largest and the oldest. The Vienna 
School of art history has always had an important influence on the 
international development of the discipline; close connections to 
institutions of monument preservation and to museums, as well as to 
contemporary culture have played an important role in this process. 
The scholars E. Melly (1814-1854) and G. Heider (1819-1897), as well 
as the artist and collector J. D.  Boehm are among the 
forerunners and founding fathers of the discipline. Art history was 
fully recognised with the establishment of a professorship for R.  
Eitelberger von Edelberg in 1852. M.  Thausing paved the way for 
scientific methods, which gained worldwide reputation through the work 
of F.  Wickhoff, A.  Riegl, M.  Dvorák, J. von  Schlosser, 
J.  Strzygowski, H.  Tietze and other representatives of the "old" 
Vienna School. H.  Sedlmayr, K. M.  Swoboda, F.  Novotny and 
above all O.  Paecht had a decisive influence on it's development 
after 1945, as did E.  Gombrich, who had emigrated to England. O.  
Demus and W. Sas-Zaloziecky studied Byzantine art, R.  Wagner-Rieger 
was renowned for his research in architecture and Historicism, H.  
Fillitz and G.  Schmidt devoted themselves mainly to the Middle Ages. 
The universities of Vienna and Salzburg both have chairs of art 
history.

!Literature
J. von Schlosser, Die Wiener Schule der 
Kunstgeschichte, 1934; S. Krenn and M. Pippal (ed.), Wien und die 
Entwicklung der kunsthistorischen Methode, 1984; E. Lachnit, Die 
Wiener Schule und die Gruenderzeit der Kunstgeschichte, in: Das 
Zeitalter Kaiser Franz Josephs, vol. 1, 1984.


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