!!!Landgericht

Landgericht: in Austria, a high court which was originally called 
Grafschaftsgericht (county court) and later "Landtaiding", had 
comprehensive powers in civil and criminal law matters for all people 
in an administrative district. It was later replaced by the lower 
Landgericht, which was in charge of severe crimes (larceny, 
manslaughter and rape were crimes punishable by death) for the 
majority of the citizens. The Landgericht was divided into smaller 
administrative districts in the 16%%sup th/%  century and was sold to 
landlords (a map of all Landgerichte has been drawn by the Austrian 
Academy of Sciences). For the nobility and clergy (in secular matters) 
there were the "Landschranne" and "Hoftaiding" as personal courts of 
the sovereign. These courts had the right to expel persons from the 
nobility for severe offences. This form of administration of justice 
was valid until 1848, when the court reform by Joseph II came into 
force.


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