!!!Landstraße

Landstrasse, 3%%sup rd/%  district of Vienna, area 
7.41 km%%sup 2/% pop. 84,500 (1991), the largest district within 
the Guertel (circular road around the inner districts of Vienna); 
comprises the former suburbs situated between River Danube and Danube 
Canal, which became part of Vienna in 1850: first documentary mention 
of Landstrasse in the 13%%sup th/%  century, first documentary mention 
of  Erdberg and Weissgerber after 1529. The Viennese nobility built 
summer palaces between these originally rural settlements in the 
18%%sup th/%  and 19%%sup th/%  centuries, usually with large parks 
(still extant are Modenapark and Arenbergpark). Vegetable growing was 
still a main source of income in the 2%%sup nd/%  half of the 
19%%sup th/%  century; even today there are still many rural houses in 
Erdberg. The Roman town of Vindobona was situated in the area of the 
former Aspang train station (demolished in 1977); the Landstrasser 
Hauptstrasse and the Rennweg, two main roads, are almost identical 
with former Roman roads which led to the east via Carnuntum. Most 
embassy buildings are in the 3%%sup rd/%  district today. The Arsenal 
became part of Landstrasse in 1938, formerly it was a part of the 
10%%sup th/%  district.

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15 churches, among them: Rochus church (from 1642 onwards, the only 
building of the district which remained from before the Turkish siege 
of Vienna in 1683) with former monastery (dissolved in 1812); Baroque 
high altar by Peter Strudel (around 1690); Elisabethine church and 
convent (1711, 1743 restored by F. A. Pilgram) with a hospital 
(1836); parish church of Mariae Geburt (orphanage church, 1768) with 
former orphanage (1785 removed to the Alsergrund area); Gardekirche 
church, from 1755 until 1763 built as imperial hospital church, handed 
over to the Polish guards in 1782 (Polish national church to present 
day), owned by the Community of the Resurrection since 1897; Salesian 
church and nunnery with cloister, 1717-1730 by D. F. von 
d´Allio; Weissgerber parish church, 1866-1869 by F. von Schmidt; 
parsonage chapel (1852-1854 by C. Sitte) with altar-pieces by L. 
Kupelwieser; Russian orthodox church, 1893-1899; Neuerdberger church, 
1954-1958.

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Secular buildings:  Belvedere; Schwarzenberg palace; Rasumofsky palace 
(1807, today  Geologische Bundesanstalt);  former University of 
Veterinary Medicine (1823, since 1998 departments of the University of 
Music and Performing Arts);  Arsenal; the Austrian Mint ( Muenze 
Oesterreich AG); the Austrian State Archives; the Konzerthaus concert 
hall (Wiener  Konzerthausgesellschaft), the University of Music and 
Performing Arts and the  Akademietheater (all 1912-1913 by H. Helmer 
and F. Fellner); Theater im Rabenhof theatre, Metternich palace 
(1846-1848, since 1908 Italian embassy); Sternberg palace (1821/22); 
former building of the executive board of the provincial fiscal 
authority (1844-1847); state printers ( Oesterreichische 
Staatsdruckerei); federal boarding school; building of the Vienna 
Voluntary Ambulance Association and Wilczek memorial in memory of 
Count Wilczek, who founded the Ambulance Association in 1881; 
Rudolfstiftung hospital; former Mautner Markhof children´s 
hospital (closed in 1998); building of the executive board of the 
Oesterreichische Bundesforste AG (Austrian Federal Forests); head 
office of the Vienna transit system (Wiener Linien). Council housing 
estates (Rabenhof, Hanuschhof, Austerlitzhof, Wildganshof, etc.). 
Botanical Gardens of the University of Vienna; part of the Stadtpark 
on right bank of River Wien; Belvederepark and alpine gardens; 
Schwarzenberg gardens (private); Schweizer gardens with Museum of the 
20%%sup th/%  Century; ice-skating rink; St. Marx cemetery with 
W. A. Mozart´s tomb. Fountain and Soviet Liberation 
Memorial on the Schwarzenbergplatz.

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Landstrasse is the district with the highest number of commercial 
enterprises after the 1%%sup st/%  district; many small businesses and 
industrial enterprises ( Henkel Central Eastern Europe GmbH etc.), 
insurances, banks. An industrial area emerged in the Erdberger Mais 
area, east of Schlachthausgasse in the period after World War II, 
with many commercial enterprises. The Slaughterhouse, dating back to 
1851 was closed in 1997; large market hall.

!Literature
H. Kretschmer, L., 1982; F. Czeike, L., Wiener 
Bezirkskulturfuehrer, 1984; idem, Historisches Lexikon Wien, 
5 vols., 1992-1997.


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